The text here discusses specifications in relation to the relevant British Standards: however, other bitumen specifications are acknowledged to be equally valid, differing only in the specification tests detailed or the test ranges for the various different grades. There are no universally accepted specifications for bitumen, cutback bitumen, or bitumen emulsions. Examples of such methods of characterization and their appropriate consistency are: The limits between which such properties had to be well known from practical experience. Initially, these tests aimed at measuring an arbitrary mechanical property which made it possible to discriminate between various bitumens. In order to characterize the numerous bitumen grades a number of test methods have been developed. The temperature and time susceptibilities of bitumen are important performance factors. Since both temperature and loading time are variable under the conditions of practice. Under normal temperature conditions, both viscous and elastic behavior play their part. Only under extreme conditions can a bitumen behave either as a typical elastic solid (low temperature very short loading time) or as a viscous liquid (high temperature, long loading time).
their resistance to deformation being dependent on both the temperature and time during which a force is applied. All bitumens show a more or less pronounced viscoelastic behavior. Specification, Bitumen Tests, and Properties of Bitumenīitumen is a complex material with a complex response to stress.
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